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|Section2= |Section4= }} Biphenyl (or diphenyl or phenylbenzene or 1,1'-biphenyl or lemonene) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals. It has a distinctively pleasant smell. Biphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula (C6H5)2. It is notable as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents. Biphenyl is also an intermediate for the production of a host of other organic compounds such as emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. Biphenyl is insoluble in water, but soluble in typical organic solvents. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings. ==Properties and occurrence== Biphenyl is produced industrially as a byproduct of the dealkylation of toluene to produce benzene: :C6H5CH3 + C6H6 → C6H5-C6H5 + CH4 The other principal route is by the oxidative dehydrogenation of benzene: :2 C6H6 + 1/2 O2 → C6H5-C6H5 + H2O 40,000,000 kg are produced annually by these routes.〔Karl Griesbaum, Arno Behr, Dieter Biedenkapp, Heinz-Werner Voges, Dorothea Garbe, Christian Paetz, Gerd Collin, Dieter Mayer, Hartmut Höke "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 〕 In the laboratory, biphenyl can also be synthesized by treating phenylmagnesium bromide with copper salts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Biphenyl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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